European Council Conclusions: A Powerful Tool
Ever since its creation in 1974, the European Council has dominated the EU agenda, even though at first lacking any legal status and devoid of formal decision-making powers. EUCO meetings […]
European Affairs
Publications
Waarom economische sancties (maar niet willen) werken
Als reactie op de invasie van Oekraïne probeert vooral het Westen met harde financieel-economische sancties Rusland te raken. Het exacte doel van die sancties is niet altijd even duidelijk: het […]
Preventing the Critical Minerals Crisis
From fighting climate change to limiting dependencies on systemic rivals – radically shifting towards a green economy has become a strategic imperative to secure European autonomy, prosperity, and security. The […]
EU Open Strategic Autonomy and the Trappings of Geoeconomics
The EU’s new trade strategy promises to advance open strategic autonomy that is to balance the benefits of economic interdependence with growing demands to manage Europe’s exposure to the risks […]
The Arctic, a new front for great power conflict?
Since 2014, public debate in Europe has focused almost exclusively on what Russia would do on its western flank and how it would manifest its vexation over NATO enlargement. On […]
A Brussels Declaration for an “Ever Closer Union”
What is valuable, is vulnerable. So it is for peace, democracy, and the ability to lead the good life. They are never permanently gained, but remain a permanent aspiration. Throughout […]